The recent Legionnaires outbreak in Toronto has brought attention to the critical issue of facility risk management, particularly concerning cooling towers. This incident, which affected six individuals within a one-kilometre radius, highlights the need for proactive measures to prevent such outbreaks. Tom Peter, a senior vice-president at First Onsite Property Restoration, emphasizes the potential consequences of Legionnaires outbreaks, including financial burdens and negative public perception for facility managers and owners.
Cooling towers, often located on rooftops, create an ideal environment for Legionella bacteria due to warm water temperatures and the accumulation of organic debris and biofilms. Peter explains that a slight breeze and aerosolized mist can disperse the bacteria, posing a risk to people in the vicinity. This is especially concerning near hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable individuals may face severe health implications.
However, Legionella is not limited to cooling towers alone. Peter notes that decorative fountains, shower heads with biofilms, and even ponds with fountains can become sources of exposure. As an industrial hygienist, he advises caution in areas where water features are present, as they can aerosolize pathogens. This realization underscores the importance of comprehensive facility management and regular cleaning and treatment of water systems.
To mitigate Legionella risks, facility managers should implement regular cleaning and treatment of cooling towers, along with periodic testing and inspections. Biofilms and elevated Legionella levels require thorough cleaning, which involves removing scale, debris, and biofilms, followed by the application of antimicrobial solutions. Peter mentions various antimicrobial chemicals available for treating Legionella bacteria, and the choice depends on system compatibility and environmental factors.
Preventive maintenance and documentation are crucial for reducing health and liability risks. Peter recommends following guidelines from organizations like Public Services and Procurement Canada, the National Research Council of Canada, and the National Joint Council. In the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health provide valuable resources. New York City's legislation mandates cooling tower testing every 90 days, a measure that has helped prevent outbreaks.
The PSPC's five-step program for controlling Legionella in federal building water systems is a comprehensive approach. It emphasizes risk minimization through design, control management, maintenance, testing, and cleaning and disinfection when necessary. By adopting such programs, facility managers can proactively manage risks and ensure the well-being of occupants.
In conclusion, the Legionnaires outbreak in Toronto serves as a stark reminder of the importance of facility risk management, especially concerning cooling towers and water systems. By implementing preventive measures, regular cleaning, and following expert guidelines, facility managers can significantly reduce the risk of Legionella outbreaks and protect public health. This incident underscores the need for ongoing vigilance and a comprehensive approach to managing potential health hazards in various settings.
